Nasturtium plants are a vibrant and versatile addition to any garden, providing a burst of color and a delicate touch. But growing these beautiful flowers can be intimidating if you’re new to gardening. Choosing the right variety, preparing the soil, sowing seeds at the right time – it all seems like a daunting task.
But don’t worry! With our comprehensive guide on how to grow healthy and vibrant nasturtiums, you’ll be well on your way to enjoying these gorgeous blooms in no time. We’ve got you covered from selecting the perfect variety for your needs to expert care tips that will keep your plants thriving. From seed selection to soil preparation, we’ll walk you through every step of growing deliciously scented nasturtiums and stunning marigold-like flowers.
Choosing the Right Variety
With so many varieties of nasturtiums available, choosing the right one can be overwhelming. Let’s break down the key characteristics to consider when selecting a variety that suits your needs and climate.
Selecting for Climate and Soil
When it comes to selecting the right nasturtium variety for your garden, understanding their climate and soil requirements is crucial. Nasturtiums are relatively adaptable plants, but they do have specific needs that must be met to thrive.
There are two main types of nasturtium varieties: compact or dwarf varieties and full-sized varieties. Compact varieties, such as ‘Empress of India’ and ‘Alaska’, grow to around 6-12 inches in height and are perfect for containers or small gardens with limited space. On the other hand, full-sized varieties like ‘Mammoth’ and ‘Jewel of Africa’ can grow up to 3 feet tall and require more space to spread out.
In terms of climate, nasturtiums prefer well-draining soil and full sun to partial shade. They thrive in temperatures between 65-75°F (18-24°C) and are sensitive to extreme heat or cold. If you live in a hot climate, choose a compact variety that can tolerate the heat better. Similarly, if your garden is prone to frost, select a variety that has been bred for cooler climates.
Some popular nasturtium varieties for specific regions include:
• ‘Empress of India’ for warm climates
• ‘Alaska’ for cooler climates
• ‘Mammoth’ for large gardens with ample space
When selecting a variety, consider your garden’s climate and soil type. If you have poor soil or heavy clay, opt for a variety that can tolerate those conditions. By choosing the right nasturtium variety for your garden, you’ll set yourself up for success and enjoy a bountiful harvest of these beautiful flowers.
Understanding the Plant’s Growth Habits
When growing nasturtiums, it’s essential to understand their unique growth habits. These plants are known for their sprawling nature, which can sometimes be overwhelming if not managed properly. Nasturtiums can grow quite tall, with some varieties reaching heights of up to 6 feet or more, but they also spread out quite a bit, often forming mats that can reach 8-10 feet in diameter.
Their flowering times are another crucial aspect to consider. Nasturtiums produce their showy flowers in the morning and evening, closing them during the hottest part of the day to conserve water and protect themselves from intense sunlight. This means you may need to water them more frequently if they’re exposed to direct sun for extended periods.
To manage your nasturtium’s growth habits effectively, make sure to provide a trellis or other support system for taller varieties. Prune back leggy stems regularly to encourage bushy growth and prevent the plant from taking over your garden bed entirely. By understanding and embracing these unique characteristics, you can create a thriving environment for your nasturtiums to flourish.
Preparing the Soil and Climate
Before you start sowing nasturtium seeds, it’s essential to prepare your soil for optimal growth. This involves selecting a location with the right climate conditions.
Creating a Favorable Environment
When it comes to growing nasturtiums, creating a favorable environment is crucial for their optimal growth. One of the most critical factors is soil pH. Nasturtiums prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. If your soil’s pH is too high or low, it can hinder nutrient uptake and root development.
To determine your soil’s pH, you can purchase a DIY testing kit or send a sample to a lab for analysis. Based on the results, you may need to adjust the pH by adding organic matter like compost or peat moss. Nasturtiums also require well-draining soil with adequate nutrients. Add a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) according to package instructions before planting.
Another essential aspect is sunlight and temperature. Nasturtiums thrive in full sun, so choose a location that receives direct sunlight for at least six hours a day. In regions with hot summers, provide some afternoon shade to prevent scorching. Maintain consistent soil moisture by watering regularly, but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot and other problems. By addressing these key factors, you’ll be well on your way to creating an ideal environment for your nasturtiums to flourish.
Protecting Plants from Extreme Weather
Nasturtiums can be sensitive to extreme weather conditions, which can affect their growth and productivity. To mitigate these risks, it’s essential to take proactive measures to protect your plants.
When frost is predicted, bring potted nasturtiums indoors or cover them with a frost blanket to insulate the soil. If you’re unable to move the pots, create a mini-greenhouse using a cold frame or row covers. This will help retain warmth and prevent damage to the leaves and flowers.
During heatwaves, provide your nasturtiums with some shade, either by moving them to a shadier location or using a sunshade. Make sure they receive adequate water, but avoid overwatering, which can exacerbate heat stress.
Heavy rainfall can be just as damaging as drought. Ensure the soil drains well and consider raising your beds slightly to improve water runoff. Avoid walking on wet soil to prevent compacting it, which can lead to poor drainage and root rot.
Regularly inspect your plants for signs of extreme weather damage, such as yellowing leaves or cracked flowers. Address any issues promptly to minimize further stress and promote healthy growth.
Sowing Nasturtium Seeds
When sowing nasturtium seeds, it’s essential to choose a well-draining soil and sow them directly into the ground where they’re supposed to bloom. Follow these simple steps for successful germination and growth.
When to Sow and Where to Start
When to sow nasturtium seeds depends on your location and the climate you’re in. If you live in a region with a long growing season, such as California or Florida, you can start sowing seeds directly into the ground in late spring to early summer, around May or June.
In cooler climates like those found in the Northeast or Midwest, it’s best to start nasturtium seeds indoors 2-3 weeks before the last frost date. This will give them a head start on the growing season and ensure they have enough time to mature before the first frost.
If you’re living in an area with mild winters, such as parts of Australia or New Zealand, you can sow seeds year-round, but be mindful of the heat during the summer months when nasturtiums are more susceptible to bolting.
Some general guidelines to keep in mind include:
* Direct sowing: Sow seeds 1-2 inches deep and 6-8 inches apart in well-draining soil with full sun.
* Indoor starting: Start seeds indoors 1/4 inch deep in seed trays or small pots, and transplant them outside when the danger of frost has passed.
Consider your local climate, temperature, and weather patterns to determine the best time for sowing nasturtium seeds in your area. Check the average last frost date for your region to ensure you’re giving these delicate flowers enough time to mature before winter sets in.
Seed Starting Techniques
When it comes to starting nasturtium seeds, you have several techniques at your disposal. One popular method is direct sowing, where you sow the seeds directly into the ground once the last frost has passed. This approach works well for warmer climates and can be done as soon as the soil has warmed up to at least 60°F (15°C).
For cooler or more unpredictable climates, indoor sowing is a better option. You can start the seeds indoors in seed trays or small pots 4-6 weeks before the last frost date. This allows you to get a head start on the growing season and gives your seedlings a chance to establish themselves before being transplanted outside.
Using seed trays is another effective method for starting nasturtium seeds. These trays usually consist of individual cells that can be filled with potting mix, allowing you to sow multiple seeds at once. Once the seeds have germinated, you can transplant them into larger pots or directly into the garden. Regardless of which technique you choose, make sure to keep the soil consistently moist and provide adequate light for your seedlings to thrive.
Caring for Nasturtium Plants
To keep your nasturtium plants thriving, it’s essential to understand how to care for them properly, including watering and fertilizing techniques. Regular maintenance will ensure a vibrant display of blooms all season long.
Watering Requirements
When it comes to watering your nasturtium plants, there’s no one-size-fits-all approach. The frequency and volume of water depend on several factors, including the soil type, climate, and age of the plant.
In well-draining soils, such as those with a high sand or perlite content, nasturtiums require more frequent watering. Water them deeply once or twice a week, depending on weather conditions. On the other hand, if your soil is heavy clay or loam, water them less frequently to prevent root rot.
In hot and dry climates, nasturtiums need more water than in cooler and moister regions. Check the soil daily by inserting your finger into the soil up to the first knuckle. If it feels dry, it’s time to water. As for plant age, seedlings require more frequent watering than mature plants.
A good rule of thumb is to provide about 1-2 gallons of water per square foot of plant area. Monitor your plants’ response to watering and adjust accordingly. For example, if you notice leaves turning yellow or dropping, it may be a sign that the soil is too wet. In such cases, reduce the frequency of watering to prevent overwatering.
Fertilization Strategies
When it comes to fertilizing nasturtium plants, timing and choice of fertilizer are crucial for optimal growth. Nasturtiums require a balanced diet of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) to produce vibrant flowers and leaves.
For organic options, consider using compost tea or fish emulsion, which provide a slow release of nutrients. These fertilizers can be applied at planting time or as a foliar spray once a month. Alternatively, you can mix 1 tablespoon of Epsom salt into the soil for an instant boost of magnesium and sulfur.
Synthetic options like ammonium sulfate or urea are also available but should be used sparingly to avoid burning the roots. Dilute these fertilizers according to package instructions and apply them at planting time or during periods of active growth.
Keep in mind that nasturtiums can become leggy if over-fertilized, so moderation is key. Monitor your plants’ response to fertilizer application and adjust as needed for optimal health and flowering performance.
Common Pests and Diseases
Nasturtiums can be susceptible to certain pests and diseases, so it’s essential to keep an eye out for these common issues when growing them in your garden. We’ll explore some of the most common problems you may encounter.
Identifying and Managing Pests
Aphids and whiteflies are common pests that can infest nasturtiums, particularly when they’re grown in close proximity to other plants. These tiny insects feed on the sap of the leaves, causing curled or distorted growth, sticky honeydew droplets, and an increased risk of fungal diseases.
To identify aphid infestations, look for clusters of small, soft-bodied insects on the undersides of leaves or stems. Whiteflies are slightly larger and more winged, with a powdery, mealy appearance. Slugs and snails can also target nasturtiums, leaving behind silvery trails and holes in the leaves.
For pest management, start by inspecting your plants regularly for signs of infestation. Hand-pick aphids and whiteflies from affected areas, or use neem oil or insecticidal soap to control populations. Remove any debris or weeds that may be harboring pests near your nasturtiums. For slug and snail damage, try using copper tape around planters or crushed eggshells as a barrier to deter these pests.
Preventing and Treating Diseases
Nasturtiums are generally low-maintenance and resistant to many pests and diseases. However, they can still be susceptible to certain issues if not properly cared for.
One of the most common problems affecting nasturtiums is powdery mildew, a fungal disease that causes white or gray powder to form on leaves. It’s often spread through water droplets on the foliage or by contaminated soil. To prevent powdery mildew, make sure to provide good air circulation around your plants and avoid overhead watering. You can also treat affected areas with a fungicide specifically designed for nasturtiums.
Downy mildew is another fungal disease that can harm your nasturtiums. It appears as yellowing or browning leaves, often accompanied by white cotton-like growth on the underside of the foliage. To prevent downy mildew, ensure your soil has good drainage and avoid overwatering.
Root rot is a common issue caused by excess moisture in the soil. It can lead to weakened plants that become more susceptible to other diseases. To prevent root rot, make sure not to overwater your nasturtiums and provide them with well-draining potting mix.
Harvesting and Storing Nasturtiums
Now that your nasturtium blooms have faded, it’s time to harvest their seeds for next year’s crop. We’ll walk you through how to dry, store, and preserve them properly.
When to Harvest Leaves and Flowers
When it comes to harvesting nasturtium leaves and flowers, timing is everything. For optimal flavor and texture, you’ll want to harvest them at the right moment.
Leaves are best harvested when they’re young and tender, typically within 2-3 weeks after sowing. If left too long, they can become bitter and tough. Simply snip off the leaves with scissors or pinch them off between your fingers, taking care not to damage the plant.
For flowers, wait until they’re fully open and have reached their peak color. This is usually around 7-10 days after sowing, depending on the variety and growing conditions. Pinch off the buds when they’re still tight, as this will encourage more blooms to form.
Some general guidelines for harvesting include:
• Harvest leaves in the morning, after the dew has dried but before the heat of the day
• Choose flowers at their peak, avoiding those that are past their prime
• Use scissors or pinch off individual blooms and leaves to avoid damaging the plant
Timing is crucial when it comes to harvesting nasturtiums. By following these guidelines, you’ll be able to enjoy your homegrown flowers and leaves in their full flavor and color.
Storage Tips for Freshness
To maintain their freshness and longevity, it’s essential to store nasturtiums properly. When harvesting nasturtium leaves and flowers, use scissors or pinch off the individual leaves and flowers at the stem to avoid damaging the plant. This technique is known as “cut-and-come-again” harvest method.
For storing individual flowers and leaves, place them in a sealed container or plastic bag with a paper towel to absorb excess moisture. Store them in the refrigerator at 40°F (4°C) or below. The refrigerator’s humidity-controlled environment will help maintain the nasturtiums’ freshness for up to three days.
To preserve nasturtium flowers and leaves for longer periods, you can dry them by tying them in small bunches and hanging them upside down in a warm, dry place. Alternatively, air-dry the individual flowers and leaves on a paper towel or cloth, away from direct sunlight.
When storing nasturtium roots for replanting, keep them moist but not waterlogged, and store them in a cool, dark place at 40°F (4°C) to 50°F (10°C). This will help maintain their viability until you’re ready to plant them again.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I know if my nasturtiums are getting enough sunlight?
Nasturtiums thrive in full sun to partial shade, so ensure your plants receive at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight per day. If you’re growing them indoors, place them near a sunny window or use grow lights to supplement natural light.
Can I grow nasturtiums in containers if my garden soil is poor?
Yes! Nasturtiums are excellent container garden plants and can tolerate poor soil as long as the pot has good drainage. Use a well-draining potting mix, and consider adding some compost or fertilizer to give your plants an extra boost.
How often should I water my nasturtiums during hot weather?
Water your nasturtiums regularly, especially when they’re in full bloom. Aim for about 1-2 inches of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot and other problems.
Can I use regular garden fertilizer on my nasturtiums, or do they require special fertilization?
Nasturtiums are not heavy feeders, but they will benefit from a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. Use a water-soluble or slow-release fertilizer according to the product’s instructions. Avoid overfertilizing, which can harm your plants.
How long does it take for nasturtium seeds to germinate?
Nasturtium seeds typically take 7-14 days to germinate in warm weather (above 65°F). Keep the soil consistently moist during this period, and provide adequate light. You’ll know they’re ready to transplant when you see two or more sets of leaves on each seedling.